Problem

Docker on Windows often breaks after an automatic upgrade. To deal with this, I wrote a PowerShell script that pairs with Windows Task Scheduler to back up Docker containers on a regular basis.

Backup shell script

# 定義備份的路徑
$backupPath = "C:\DockerBackup"
if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $backupPath)) {
    New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $backupPath
}

# 獲取所有容器的ID

$containerIds = docker ps -aq

foreach ($id in $containerIds) {
    # 獲取容器的名稱
    $containerName = docker ps --filter "id=$id" --format "{{.Names}}"

    # 為每個容器創建一個備份目錄
    $containerBackupPath = Join-Path -Path $backupPath -ChildPath $containerName
    if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $containerBackupPath)) {
        New-Item -ItemType Directory -Path $containerBackupPath
    }

    # 備份容器的映像為tar文件
    $image = docker container inspect $id --format "{{.Image}}"
    $imageName = $image -replace '[:/]', '-'
    $imageBackupPath = Join-Path -Path $containerBackupPath -ChildPath "$imageName.tar"
    docker save -o $imageBackupPath $image
    
    # 備份容器的設定（JSON格式）
    $configBackupPath = Join-Path -Path $containerBackupPath -ChildPath "config.json"
    docker container inspect $id | Out-File -FilePath $configBackupPath
}

Write-Output "Backup Completed!"

Restore shell script

# 定義備份的路徑
$backupPath = "C:\DockerBackup"

# 確認備份路徑是否存在
if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $backupPath)) {
    Write-Error "Backup path does not exist!"
    exit
}

# 遍歷備份目錄中的每一個容器備份
Get-ChildItem -Path $backupPath | ForEach-Object {
    $containerBackupPath = $_.FullName

    # 還原映像
    $imageBackupPath = Get-ChildItem -Path $containerBackupPath -Filter "*.tar" | Select-Object -First 1
    if ($null -eq $imageBackupPath) {
        Write-Error "No image backup found for $($_.Name)!"
        return
    }
    docker load -i $imageBackupPath.FullName

    # 獲取備份的配置信息
    $configBackupPath = Join-Path -Path $containerBackupPath -ChildPath "config.json"
    if (-Not (Test-Path -Path $configBackupPath)) {
        Write-Error "No config backup found for $($_.Name)!"
        return
    }
    $config = Get-Content -Path $configBackupPath | ConvertFrom-Json
    
    # 創建新的容器使用還原的映像和配置
    # 注意：這可能需要基於實際的配置和用例進行調整
    docker run -d --name $config.Name $config.Image
}

Write-Output "Restore Completed!"