--- title: "A Tutorial on Installing and Configuring Kubernetes on Ubuntu 22.04" description: "A complete step-by-step guide to installing and configuring Kubernetes on Ubuntu 22.04, including the Containerd environment, `kubeadm` initialization, Pod network installation, and deploying your first container." canonical_url: "https://blog.markkulab.net/en/post/intsll-kubernetes-in-ubuntu" author: "Mark Ku" author_url: "https://blog.markkulab.net/en/author/mark-ku" site: "Mark Ku's Tech Notes" date_published: "2024-11-11 01:01:35 +0800" category: "DevOps" tags: ["ubuntu", "docker", "kubernetes", "kubeadm", "containerd", "devops", "linux"] language: "en" license: "CC BY 4.0" license_url: "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" attribution: "when reusing or quoting, credit the author and link back to the original" --- # A Tutorial on Installing and Configuring Kubernetes on Ubuntu 22.04 ## Introduction Previously, I [enabled Kubernetes on Windows Docker Desktop](https://blog.markkulab.net/jenkins-deploy-kubernetes-with-docker-for-windows/), but because Windows Kubernetes only supports a single node, isn't very stable, and consumes a lot of resources, I decided to set up a home lab with the more mainstream Linux version of Kubernetes. ## Environment * Ubuntu 22.04 * [Docker pre-installed](https://blog.markkulab.net/enable-docker-2375-port-in-ubuntu22/) ## Install Required Software Run the following commands to update the system and install packages: ```bash sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get upgrade sudo apt-get install -y net-tools git ``` - Use Chrony to configure time synchronization Chrony provides faster synchronization, higher precision, and uses fewer resources. Install Chrony ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install chrony ``` Modify Chrony configuration ```bash sudo vim /etc/chrony/chrony.conf ``` ```config pool 0 asia.pool.ntp.org iburst pool 1.pool.ntp.org iburst pool 2.pool.ntp.org iburst pool 3.pool.ntp.org iburst pool 4.pool.ntp.org iburst ``` Restart and test ```bash sudo systemctl start chrony sudo systemctl enable chrony sudo chronyc -a makestep // 立刻同步時間 chronyc tracking // 檢查 Chrony 同步狀態 chronyc sources -v // 還可以查看連線的 NTP 伺服器列表及其同步狀態 timedatectl status // 確認系統時間狀態 ``` - Disable the firewall: ```bash # 允許 Kubernetes API server 通信 sudo ufw allow 6443/tcp # Kubernetes API server # etcd 集群通訊 sudo ufw allow 2379/tcp # etcd client communication sudo ufw allow 2380/tcp # etcd server-to-server communication # kubelet API sudo ufw allow 10250/tcp # Kubelet API sudo ufw allow 10255/tcp # Read-only Kubelet API (可選) sudo ufw allow 10248 # Controller manager 和 scheduler sudo ufw allow 10251/tcp # kube-scheduler sudo ufw allow 10252/tcp # kube-controller-manager # Kubernetes DNS (CoreDNS) sudo ufw allow 53/tcp # DNS TCP sudo ufw allow 53/udp # DNS UDP # NodePort services (範圍可自定義，預設 30000-32767) sudo ufw allow 30000 # NodePort services # 啟用防火牆 sudo ufw enable sudo ufw status verbose ``` - Disable OS Swap to prevent containers from being killed when memory is low: ```bash sudo swapoff -a sudo sed -i '/ swap / s/^\(.*\)$/#\1/g' /etc/fstab ``` ## Install Kubernetes ### Add Kernel Parameters ```bash sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/containerd.conf </dev/null 2>&1 sudo sed -i 's/SystemdCgroup \= false/SystemdCgroup \= true/g' /etc/containerd/config.toml sudo systemctl restart containerd sudo systemctl enable containerd ``` ## Install Kubernetes Components ```bash sudo apt-get update # apt-transport-https may be a dummy package; if so, you can skip that package sudo apt-get install -y apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gpg curl -fsSL https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/Release.key | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg # This overwrites any existing configuration in /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list echo 'deb [signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/kubernetes-apt-keyring.gpg] https://pkgs.k8s.io/core:/stable:/v1.29/deb/ /' | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl sudo apt-mark hold kubelet kubeadm kubectl ``` ## Initialize the Kubernetes Master Node Reload ```bash sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart kubelet sudo sysctl --system ``` Restart Docker: ```bash sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart docker sudo systemctl enable kubelet && sudo systemctl restart kubelet ``` ## Initialize kubeadm ```bash sudo kubeadm init ``` After initialization succeeds, follow the prompt to copy the kubectl configuration for your user: ```bash mkdir -p $HOME/.kube sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config ``` ![kubeadm init result](https://blog.markkulab.net/content/markku/posts/intsll-kubernetes-in-ubuntu/images/kubeadm-init-result.png) ## Install the Pod Network ```bash kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/projectcalico/calico/v3.25.0/manifests/calico.yaml ``` ## As prompted, run the following command on other machines to add them as worker nodes ```bash kubeadm join 192.168.50.50:6443 --token --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256: ``` ## Check the Status of All Nodes ```bash kubectl get nodes ``` Check detailed node status ```bash kubectl describe node master-node ``` ![kubectl get nodes](https://blog.markkulab.net/content/markku/posts/intsll-kubernetes-in-ubuntu/images/kubectl-get-node.png) ## Create the First Kubernetes Container Prepare the Persistent Volume path: ```bash sudo mkdir /var/docker-pvc sudo chmod 777 /var/docker-pvc ``` ### Deployment Configuration File `deployment.yaml` (On Windows, you don't need to specify the Persistent Volume location, but on Linux, it's required, e.g., `hostPath: path: /var/docker-pvc`) Create the Kubernetes deployment file ``` sudo vim deployment.yaml ``` ```yaml apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolume metadata: name: uptime-kuma-pv spec: capacity: storage: 1Gi accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce hostPath: path: /var/docker-pvc --- apiVersion: v1 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim metadata: name: uptime-kuma-pvc spec: accessModes: - ReadWriteOnce resources: requests: storage: 1Gi volumeName: uptime-kuma-pv --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: uptime-kuma-deployment spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: uptime-kuma template: metadata: labels: app: uptime-kuma spec: containers: - name: uptime-kuma image: louislam/uptime-kuma:1 ports: - containerPort: 3001 volumeMounts: - name: uptime-kuma-volume mountPath: /app/data volumes: - name: uptime-kuma-volume persistentVolumeClaim: claimName: uptime-kuma-pvc --- apiVersion: v1 kind: Service metadata: name: uptime-kuma-service spec: type: NodePort selector: app: uptime-kuma ports: - port: 3001 targetPort: 3001 nodePort: 30000 ``` Deploy the application ``` kubectl apply -f ./deployment.yaml ``` ## Remove the Control Plane Taint (for single-node environments) ``` kubectl taint nodes --all node-role.kubernetes.io/control-plane- ``` This command is primarily used to address a resource scheduling issue on Kubernetes control plane nodes. By default, Kubernetes applies a "taint" to control plane nodes (usually the master node) to prevent general workloads (Pods) from being scheduled on them. This ensures that the control plane nodes can focus on managing the cluster and remain stable. ## Final Result Now, if you visit localhost:30000, you should see this screen: ![final result](https://blog.markkulab.net/content/markku/posts/intsll-kubernetes-in-ubuntu/images/final-result.png) ## Appendix - If the Installation Fails or to Reinstall Kubernetes ```bash sudo kubeadm reset -f sudo rm -rf ~/.kube sudo rm -rf /etc/kubernetes /var/lib/etcd /var/lib/kubelet /var/lib/kubeadm /etc/cni /opt/cni sudo systemctl status docker sudo systemctl status containerd sudo apt-get remove --purge -y kubeadm kubectl kubelet kubernetes-cni cri-tools sudo apt-get autoremove -y sudo dpkg --purge kubectl kubeadm kubelet sudo apt-get autoremove --purge -y sudo rm -rf /etc/kubernetes /var/lib/etcd /var/lib/kubelet /etc/cni /opt/cni ~/.kube sudo rm /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kubernetes.list sudo apt-get update ``` ## References * [Complete Guide to Kubernetes Cluster Setup on Ubuntu 22.04 LTS : A Step-by-Step Tutorial for DevOps](https://medium.com/@kvihanga/how-to-set-up-a-kubernetes-cluster-on-ubuntu-22-04-lts-433548d9a7d0) * [How to Set Up a Kubernetes Cluster on Ubuntu 22.04 in 5 Minutes](https://blog.kkbruce.net/2023/08/5min-ubuntu-2204-kubernetes-cluster.html) * [How to Install Kubernetes on Ubuntu 22.04](https://phoenixnap.com/kb/install-kubernetes-on-ubuntu) * [Creating Master+Node Nodes (Troubleshooting Node NotReady Status)](https://blog.csdn.net/nmjhehe/article/details/99191632) --- ## About this article and its author Originally published on [Mark Ku's Tech Notes](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/post/intsll-kubernetes-in-ubuntu) License: [CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) — when reusing or quoting, credit the author and link back to the original ### About the author **[Mark Ku](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/author/mark-ku)** — Software Solution Provider - 10+ years senior software engineer, now an AI Builder - Focused on large-platform architecture — North-American e-commerce, AI SaaS subscription billing - Combining AI Agents and automation to build evolvable product foundations ### Free tools built by the author All of these are free to use: - [Free PDF Sign Tool](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/pdf-sign): Online PDF sign tool — draw, type, or upload a signature, then drag, resize, and download. Everything runs in your browser; nothing is uploaded. - [VS Code Refactory](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/refactory): Refactory is a VS Code refactoring extension: 34 actions plus a 37-rule code-smell inspection layer with a Code Health dashboard, across 18 languages, backed by 534 tests. It learns your repo's conventions: where interfaces live, where DI is registered, whether 'use client' belongs. It ranks files by git churn × complexity so you know what to fix first, and hands any smell to the Claude Code already on your machine. Free to use, and your source never leaves your computer. - [DB-Kit Database Manager](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/db-kit): DB-Kit is a lightweight, cross-platform database manager built with Tauri + Rust + React. Manage MySQL, MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQL Server, Oracle, SQLite, MongoDB, Redis, Kafka, Elasticsearch and RabbitMQ from one consistent interface: passwords encrypted in the OS keychain, SSH tunnels, full CRUD, a visual query builder, stacked multi-statement result sets, cross-connection data transfer and compare/sync, Excel / CSV import & export, visualized execution plans, ER diagrams, scheduled backups, SQL stress testing with p50–p99 latency percentiles, a 15-rule SQL review engine, Kafka message browsing with monitoring & alerts, a bilingual UI (Traditional Chinese / English), a built-in AI assistant (natural-language SQL, AI review and tuning advice) and the dbk CLI. Free and open source (MIT), with installers for Windows, macOS and Linux. - [VS Code Super Mermaid](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/super-mermaid): Super Mermaid is a VS Code extension for beautiful Mermaid diagrams out of the box: auto-colored live preview, mouse pan & zoom, high-res PNG / SVG export, 21 templates and multiple themes. Free and open source (MIT). - [React Super Mermaid](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/react-super-mermaid): react-super-mermaid is an open-source React component library: render beautiful Mermaid diagrams with a single , with built-in colorful / sketch themes, pan & zoom, in-diagram search, and high-res SVG / PNG export. Lightweight, SSR-safe, fully typed. Free and open source (MIT). - [Jira / Confluence Super Mermaid](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/jira-super-mermaid): An Atlassian Forge app: write Mermaid syntax directly inside a Jira issue or a Confluence page and get flowcharts, sequence diagrams, state machines and Gantt charts. 11 diagram types, SVG / PNG export, light and dark themes, full CJK support. Runs on Atlassian: your diagrams live in your own site and the app calls no third-party service. Free, coming soon to the Atlassian Marketplace. - [Mermaid Live Preview](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/mermaid-preview): Write Mermaid in your browser, see it render instantly, and share the whole diagram as a single link. No sign-up, nothing uploaded to a server, and mermaid.live share links work as-is. - [React Intl Phone Number](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/react-intl-phone-number): react-intl-phone-number is an open-source React component: framework-agnostic and antd-free, with E.164 in/out, a searchable flag / country-code dropdown, configurable validation levels (strict / mobile-strict / loose), themeable CSS, and i18n — phone logic powered by google-libphonenumber. Lightweight and fully typed. Free and open source (MIT). - [Uptime Kuma Cluster](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/tools/uptime-kuma-cluster): Turn single-node Uptime Kuma into a highly available cluster: OpenResty + Lua smart load balancing, shared MariaDB state, health checks and automatic failover, plus cluster-management REST APIs. One Docker Compose command to start. Free and open source (MIT). - [Special Education](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/education): Learning materials crafted for special education students ### Daily podcasts - [Mark's Tech Insights — Daily AI News](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/category/tech-news): Daily curated AI and tech trends. Catch the latest developments via audio summaries — covering AI applications, software architecture, DevOps, and engineering practice. — RSS: https://blog.markkulab.net/feed.xml - [AI股市蝦聊](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/category/ai-stock-chat): Every trading day, an AI-analyzed take on the Taiwan stock market, delivered as a two-host conversation covering the session and the next-day outlook. — RSS: https://blog.markkulab.net/ai-stock-chat/feed.xml - [開源好物週報](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/category/open-source-weekly): A weekly two-host pick of free open-source tools surfaced from real Hacker News, GitHub, and Reddit buzz — what pain they solve and the fastest way to get started. — RSS: https://blog.markkulab.net/open-source-weekly/feed.xml ### Newsletter [Subscribe to the newsletter](https://blog.markkulab.net/en/subscribe) — Be the first to know about new posts. No spam, unsubscribe anytime.